NEW YORK -- The energy industry Thursday began assessing the damage caused by storm surge and high winds as Hurricane Laura cut a path across the coastlines of Texas and Louisiana.
Oil and gas producers evacuated platforms and rigs in the Gulf of Mexico and companies shut down refineries in the storm's path. More than 700,000 customers were without power in Louisiana and Texas, according to the website PowerOutage.Us, which tracks utility reports.
"These hurricanes, they can attack the entire energy infrastructure," said Jim Burkhard, head of IHS Markit research for crude-oil markets. "And it's not just a refinery being shut down, but if a pipeline gets shut down, or the electrical grid gets damaged, it shows how integrated all these systems are: pipelines, refineries, electricity. And it's that aggregate damage that can be so challenging to overcome."
The oil industry has been hammered since the start of the year, struggling with low prices after the coronavirus decimated demand. At the same time, OPEC was flooding the market with crude, aiming -- with success -- to put American oil producers out of business.
Oil prices have recovered somewhat, but are still well below what most producers need to stay in business. Benchmark U.S. crude was selling for about $43 a barrel Thursday, while gasoline was selling for about $2.23 a gallon, according to AAA. This year, 60 oil and gas companies have filed for bankruptcy protection, according to law firm Haynes and Boone.
The National Hurricane Center said the storm made landfall at 1 a.m. Thursday near Cameron, La., a 400-person community about 30 miles east of the Texas border. It had maximum sustained winds of 150 mph, making it the most powerful hurricane to strike the U.S. so far this year.
Forecasters warned that the strong winds could rip apart buildings, level trees and toss vehicles like toys.
Experts say it's unlikely that the U.S. will suffer from major oil or gasoline shortages because of the hurricane, as other regions fill in the gaps or turn to stored oil. But with high summer demand, there could be some disruptions.
"Inventories have been getting tighter through the summer," said Peter McNally, global sector lead at Third Bridge, an investment research firm. "There is a buffer, but we still have a couple weeks left in the summer of higher demand, so we could see the surplus come off pretty quickly."
OFFSHORE PLATFORMS
Nearly half of the oil and gas platforms in the Gulf of Mexico -- almost 300 -- were evacuated by Wednesday, along with most of the offshore rigs. Producers shut in 84% of the oil produced in the region, taking about 1.6 million barrels per day off the market. The Gulf region usually produces about 15% of the oil in the U.S. Producers also shut in about 61% of the natural gas produced in the Gulf.
"Risk level is high," said Stewart Glickman, energy equity analyst at CFRA, in an email. "Platforms out in the Gulf can be damaged, the refineries (mostly in low-lying land) can be flooded, especially if a storm lingers around for days like Hurricane Harvey did in 2017."
While some oil production is temporarily suspended, experts say it's unlikely to cause problems for supply in the U.S. There has been a surplus of oil production this year, and demand for fuel is still well below pre-pandemic levels. Producers outside the region can pick up the slack.
REFINERIES
More than half of U.S. refining capacity is built along the Gulf Coast. Six refineries with a combined refining capacity of about 2.2 million barrels per day were shut down, including refineries operated by Valero, Total and Citgo.
Refineries built in hurricane regions may have reinforced their facilities after previous hurricanes, but it's likely that there will be disruptions to some major refineries, Burkhard said.
In 2017, Hurricane Harvey stalled over Houston, dumping so much rain that flooding knocked out nearly a quarter of the nation's refining capacity. That led to gasoline shortages, panic buying and long lines at service stations throughout Texas.
"Certainly for the local area that gets hit, it's going to be disruption on all businesses, including gasoline sales," Burkhard said. "Will this be as disruptive as Harvey? I don't think we know yet, but Harvey was so damaging just because it lingered for so long, so let's just hope this one doesn't linger as long with severe flooding."
Information for this article was contributed by David Koenig of The Associated Press.
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